Skip to main content

Book Review: "God: A Human History" by Reza Aslan

Image result for god a human history reza aslan

Reza Aslan is one of those intellectuals notorious for their uncompromising stance, bluntness, and, to a certain degree, political incorrectness. It comes to no surprise, then, that his latest publication, God: A Human History, reflects his headstrong approach in the sphere of all things religion and spirituality. However, despite Aslan's misgivings, this book is a thoroughly enjoyable read and indeed a most enlightening one. While his previous book, Beyond Fundamentalism, explored the notion of a "cosmic war" of ideologies against a backdrop of globalization, God: A Human History instead looks at how religion came to be from a more scientific standpoint, coming to a conclusion based on his own personal experiences with faith and belief.

The book starts with Aslan's recounting of his conversion to Christianity and subsequent reversion to Islam, followed by a revelation of his newly adopted pantheistic approach to which he returns to near the end of the book. As the title says, he starts with how the concept of God began in the form of animistic beliefs, or beliefs in the existence of spirits in both living and non-living things. Incorporating scientific theories such as Darwinism and Freud's examinations of the human psyche, he provides a concise explanation of how religion became advantageous from an evolutionary standpoint to early civilizations, and how belief in animism gradually evolved into belief in humanized polytheistic pantheons and, subsequently, monotheism (which, apparently, is historically linked to the more "intolerant" regimes and empires). He also distinguishes how the human experience throughout the centuries also shaped the conceptions of God in the three Abrahamic religions. Finally, he wraps the book up with a rather startling conclusion that must be read to be believed.

As I hinted above, the book is actually a brief read, with approximately 170 pages of text succeeded by about 100+ pages of glossaries, indices, and references. As one of the reviews on the book cover states, Aslan is truly "a master storyteller", with a writing style that is easy to follow and full of transitions that segue to the next chapter or two. The pacing of the book is healthy in that he spends adequate time covering the different epochs of the evolution of religion. However, that being said, there are several points that he doesn't explore in detail. For example, his chapter on Islam spends half the time covering Islam's early evolution and follows it with more exposition on Sufism, rather than discussing the lesser-known but still vitally important philosophical schools of thought that emerged in Islam's early days such as the Mutazilites and the Asharites (the latter for which he throws a sentence as an afterthought), and gives less attention to the Mazahibs. Still, the transition to Sufism in the second-last chapter of the book was necessary for his explanation of his new pantheistic approach in the last chapter, as he claims that "God is All".

To be honest, I still think we have not grasped the nature of God, who I believe falls more towards the concept of Mysterium Tremendum. The book itself is an important read for those who are interested, and I still think it's an excellent read for its brevity.

Style - 5/5
Content - 5/5
Overall - 5/5

رضا أصلان هو واحد من هؤلاء المثقفين سيئي السمعة بسبب موقفهم الذي لا هوادة فيه ، والصراحة ، والخطأ السياسي إلى حد ما. ليس من المفاجئ إذن أن نشره الأخير ، الله: تاريخ بشري ، يعكس مقاربته القوية في مجال كل ما هو الدين والروحانية. ومع ذلك ، على الرغم من مخاوف اصلان ، إلا أن هذا الكتاب هو قراءة ممتعة تمامًا ، بل وأكثرها إفادة. في حين أن كتابه السابق ، "ما وراء الأصولية" ، استكشف فكرة "الحرب الكونية" للإيديولوجيات على خلفية العولمة ، فإن الله: تاريخ بشري ينظر بدلاً من ذلك إلى الكيفية التي جاء بها الدين من وجهة نظر أكثر علمية ، ويصل إلى استنتاج قائم على تجاربه الشخصية مع الإيمان والمعتقد.



يبدأ الكتاب برواية أصلان عن تحوله إلى المسيحية ورجوعه بعد ذلك إلى الإسلام ، يليه الكشف عن نهجه الوحدوي المعتمد حديثًا والذي يعود إليه قرب نهاية الكتاب. كما يقول العنوان ، يبدأ كيف بدأ مفهوم الله في شكل معتقدات حيوية ، أو معتقدات في وجود الأرواح في كل من الكائنات الحية وغير الحية. دمج النظريات العلمية مثل الداروينية وفحوصات فرويد عن النفس البشرية ، يقدم شرحًا موجزًا ​​عن كيف أصبح الدين مفيدًا من وجهة نظر تطورية إلى الحضارات المبكرة ، وكيف تطور الإيمان بالروحانية تدريجيًا إلى إيمان في الآلهة متعددة الآلهة إنسانية ، وبعد ذلك ، التوحيد (والتي ، على ما يبدو ، مرتبطة تاريخيا بأنظمة وإمبراطوريات "غير متسامحة"). يميز أيضًا كيف شكلت التجربة البشرية على مر القرون أيضًا تصورات الله في الديانات الإبراهيمية الثلاثة. أخيرًا ، يختتم الكتاب باستنتاج مذهل إلى حد ما يجب قراءته ليؤمن به.



كما أشرت أعلاه ، فإن الكتاب في الواقع عبارة عن قراءة مختصرة ، حيث نجحت حوالي 170 صفحة من النص بحوالي 100 صفحة من المسارد والمؤشرات والمراجع. كما يقول أحد المراجعات على غلاف الكتاب ، فإن أصلان هو بالفعل "راوي قصص رئيسي" ، بأسلوب كتابة يسهل متابعته ومليء بالتحولات التي تنتقل إلى الفصل أو الفصلين التاليين. إن سرعة الكتاب صحية لأنه يقضي وقتًا كافيًا في تغطية المراحل المختلفة لتطور الدين. ومع ذلك ، هناك العديد من النقاط التي لم يستكشفها بالتفصيل. على سبيل المثال ، يقضي فصله عن الإسلام نصف الوقت في تغطية التطور المبكر للإسلام ويتبعه بمزيد من العرض على الصوفية ، بدلاً من مناقشة المدارس الفكرية الفلسفية الأقل شهرة والتي لا تزال مهمة للغاية والتي ظهرت في الأيام الأولى للإسلام مثل المطزليين و الأشوريون (هذا الأخير الذي ألقى عليه عقوبة في مرحلة لاحقة) ، ويولي اهتمامًا أقل للمزاحبين. ومع ذلك ، كان الانتقال إلى الصوفية في الفصل الثاني والأخير من الكتاب ضروريًا لتفسيره لنهجه الوحدوي الجديد في الفصل الأخير ، حيث يدعي أن "الله هو كل شيء".

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Politics as an "Outflow of Culture": Unmasking Racism in today's Socioeconomic Scene

A common yet grave fallacy is to assume that (the actions of) (part of) the infrastructure of a particular country at a particular time and place is derived from a singular cause, of which a metaphysical nature attributed to said cause would be even more so. That said, attributing (a perception of) (failed) politics as an "outflow" of a country's culture is in my honest opinion a crock of bull. I'm not denying that culture and politics are related: there clearly is a relationship between the two in the broader historical context. However, this reductionist outlook panders to more than your garden variety racism, itself being built on misinterpretations and misunderstandings. Why is that? First of all, consider that politics and culture are mutually exclusive concepts, although their definitions may not appear to be so on the surface. Politics (according to the pseudo-omniscient Wikipedia [1] ) is a process by which groups of people make collective decisions. The...

Book Review: "The Third Chimpanzee" by Jared Diamond

Jared Diamond is sort of a rock star in the sphere of biogeography (and science in general depending on your perspective). He is more a doom-sayer than a soothe-sayer, a prophet warning of the destruction of society and mankind as a whole. His magnum opus and prophetic text " Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies" has received accolades from a variety of sources, the least of which was the Pulitzer Prize in 1998. Having read that book myself, I came into his lesser-known essay " The Third Chimpanzee " with the expectation that it would be entertaining and enlightening at the same time. Gladly, I was not disappointed, but a glaring issue exists that I will address later. The first book published by Jared Diamond, " The Third Chimpanzee " explores the progression of human evolution in four parts. In the first, he explores the biological premises of our relationship to two other primate species, the common and pygmy chimpanzees (now c...

On "Leviathan", by Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury (Part 1: On Man)

Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan , or The Matter, Forme, and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiastical and Civil,  is a veritable juggernaut (pun intended) of a book. It is Hobbes' magnum opus, having been circulated widely by the turn of the 17th and 18th Centuries at a time when England was plunged into civil war. Rather than rebel against the new political order (a war crime according to Hobbes which I will revisit later in this post), Hobbes' central thesis is to submit to the absolute authority of an established commonwealth (preferably, in Hobbes' point of view, a "Christian" one), which he compares to the overwhelming biblical sea monster, the Leviathan. Having just finished reading it, I would like to convey my thoughts on his central themes in as short a post as allowed by the breadth of the knowledge he passed on with this read. For this post, I will stick to part 1 (On Man), and deal with the subsequent parts of the book in later posts. Summary of P...